• More recently Vismodegib was administered in combination wit

  2022-03-30

  

  More recently, Vismodegib was administered in combination with Gemcitabine in a pilot clinical trial that enrolled 23 patients affected by metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This type of malignancy is the most frequent form of pancreas cancer and is ranked in fourth place for cancer mortality in

• Considering that TGF plays a

  2022-03-30

  

  Considering that TGF-β1 plays a pivotal role in inflammation, renal fibrosis, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, it has been viewed as a vital mediator in kidney disease [49,50]. Studies have demonstrated that TGF-β1 is upregulated in both human and experimental kidney diseases [51,52]. TG

• br Conclusion and future perspectives The nicotinic acid rec

  2022-03-29

  

  Conclusion and future perspectives The nicotinic c-di-AMP sale receptor GPR109A and its close relatives GPR109B and GPR81 are primarily expressed in adipocytes and are coupled to Gi-type G proteins. Recently, the ketone body β-hydroxy-butyrate, the β-oxidation intermediate 3-hydroxy octanoic aci

• Here we show that lactate activates the Gi coupled receptor

  2022-03-29

  

  Here we show that lactate activates the Gi-coupled receptor GPR81, which is exclusively expressed on adipocytes, and that lactate released from adipocytes in response to glucose and insulin mediates insulin-induced antilipolysis by activation of GPR81. Results Discussion Nutrients and their m

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgments The

  2022-03-29

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr. Linda Console-Bram for her editing of this review, Valentina Lucchesi for help with the figures, and acknowledge funding from NIH/NIDA (DA023204). Introduction G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has emer

• As part of our discovery efforts searching for small

  2022-03-29

  

  As part of our discovery efforts searching for small molecule GPR119 agonists, we analyzed active pharmacophores of known agonists from the literature, and found that -methylsulfonylphenyl and substituted 4-hydroxyl piperidine are common fragments. In our initial efforts, we linked these two fragme

• The activation of the ERK pathway may participate in

  2022-03-29

  

  The activation of the ERK pathway may participate in the sensitization of primary afferents in pain transmission (Ji et al., 2009, Lai et al., 2011); the blockade of ERK activation in the DRG can decrease mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in inflammatory pain. IL-10 can inhibit phosphorylation of

• br Signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH In

  2022-03-29

  

  Signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH In the pituitary, GnRH acts by binding to the G protein-coupled GnRHR on the cell surface of the gonadotrope, inducing interaction of the receptor with heterotrimeric G proteins and catalyzing GTP-GDP exchange on the G protein α subunit (Lambert, 200

• br Conclusions The whole mRNA sequence of equine HRG

  2022-03-29

  

  Conclusions The whole mRNA sequence of equine HRG was identified. Consequently, we successfully generated recombinant equine HRG. By the Western blot procedure, blood HRG in horses was detected. Acknowledgments Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurological disorder with c

• prostanoid receptors Mast cells isolated from mice and rats

  2022-03-29

  

  Mast prostanoid receptors isolated from mice and rats are able to take up histamine from the microenvironment (Day and Green, 1962, Cabut and Haegermark, 1966). It has been considered that the uptake of extracellular histamine into bone marrow-derived mast cell granules is mediated by two membrane t

• Because AM had limited efficacy on rodent GPR

  2022-03-29

  

  Because (AM-3189) had limited efficacy on rodent GPR40, we used two rodent models expressing human GPR40 to demonstrate efficacy of (AM-3189). First, we used human islet transplanted nude mice. In this model, endogenous pancreatic β-cells were ablated using streptozotocin, and mice were rescued to

• Regarding the causative diseases of ES patients

  2022-03-29

  

  Regarding the causative diseases of ES, patients with unknown cause and those with encephalitis had significantly higher CSF levels of ack1 inhibitors against GluN2B-NT2 and GluN2B-CT than the disease controls, but patients with genetic disorder and those with cortical dysplasia showed no significa

• br Material and methods br

  2022-03-29

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Accumulating evidence suggests that the hippocampus is sensitive to noise-induced hearing loss and other forms of sensory deprivation, which deprives the hippocampus of sensory information required for its normal operations such as spatial navigation

• Decreases in LS mean h WMG versus

  2022-03-29

  

  Decreases in LS mean 24-h WMG versus placebo were observed with both the 10mg q.d. a.m. (−18.8mg/dL) and 6mg q.d. p.m. (−25.0mg/dL) MK-3577 ‘partial blockade’ regimens, but was not assessed for the 25mg b.i.d regimen. Decreases in FPG versus placebo were observed for both the 10mg q.d. a.m. (−7.2mg/

• G quadruplex DNA structures may exist in either

  2022-03-29

  

  G-quadruplex DNA structures may exist in either positive or negative strand of a promoter to regulate gene expression. The positive strand of the HOXC10 promoter is overall C-rich in the 1000 bp upstream of the TSS (36.6% of C versus 24.1% of G) and contains many C-runs; thus, G-quadruplex structure

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