• An increased sympathetic tone and the

  2021-11-15

  

  An increased sympathetic tone and the hormone glucagon are the main glucose mobilizing factors [28], [29]. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human islet cells suggests the expression of Ffar1 not only in β-cells but also in α-cells [30]. Moreover, analysis of rat α-cells indicates that FFAR1 exp

• Previously we have shown that ghrelin and

  2021-11-15

  

  Previously, we have shown that ghrelin and cannabinoids stimulate hypothalamic AMPK activity (Kola et al., 2005). In contrast, both the orexigenic compounds have inhibitory effects on AMPK activity in the liver and visceral fat (Kola et al., 2005). In this study, we were able to reproduce our previo

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgement Work in

  2021-11-15

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgement Work in the authors’ labs was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (OGP0194652 and OGP0041653) and Diabète Québec. Introduction Fifty years ago, Sydney Brenner proposed Caenorhabditis elegans as a useful model for the study of an

• br Introduction The mammalian skin

  2021-11-15

  

  Introduction The mammalian skin forms the largest organ of the body and includes a network of cutaneous nerves, cells of the immune system, and mediators of the neuro-endocrine axis (Theoharides et al., 2016). Analogous to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuropeptides and their receptors

• br Results and discussion The

  2021-11-15

  

  Results and discussion The synthesis of core aldehyde building block 2 commenced with known aldehyde 5. The Horner–Wadsworth-Emmons olefination of the latter (using commercially available 6) gave cinnamate ester 7. Facile hydrogenation of the double bond in 7 was achieved over Raney nickel withou

• FFAs are essential nutritional molecules that can also modul

  2021-11-15

  

  FFAs are essential nutritional molecules that can also modulate numerous cellular functions. Fatty Edrophonium chloride synthesis derivatives like prostaglandins, leukotrienes lysophosphatidic acid, spinhgosine-1-phosphate and others are well documented to carry out signal transduction via G-protein

• Recent studies are beginning to explore this complex interpl

  2021-11-15

  

  Recent studies are beginning to explore this complex interplay of pathways. For example, intracellular trafficking of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) based nanoparticles was studied in detail using 30 different Rab proteins as markers for intracellular transport vesicles (involved in exocytosis,

• Following the discovery of diketo compounds

  2021-11-15

  

  Following the discovery of β-diketo compounds S-1360 [31] and L-731988 [32] as anti-HIV integrase inhibitors, a group of researchers discovered a potent 490 3 based derivative (1) as the inhibitor of HIV integrase functioning at the 3′-processing and strand transfer steps of HIV integrase. Bioassay

• Syringe services programs SSPs as well as

  2021-11-15

  

  Syringe services programs (SSPs), as well as expanded HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing, are key components of harm reduction for PWID and can reduce HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmissions in this nkcc inhibitor [14], [15], [16]. The number of SSPs has increased in recent years in West

• The molecular mechanism of gliotransmitter release is not fu

  2021-11-15

  

  The molecular mechanism of gliotransmitter release is not fully understood until now, and previous studies have emphasized that the elevation of [Ca2+]i triggers vesicular ubiquitin conjugating enzyme of glutamate. Parpura et al. reported that the essential role of Ca2+ release from internal stores

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction The incidence of cholangi

  2021-11-15

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor found in both intra- and extra-hepatic biliary epithelia [1], has been increased worldwide over the past two decades [2]. The prognosis of CCA patients are generally poor, due to the lack of early detecti

• Multiple studies from our laboratory and others

  2021-11-15

  

  Multiple studies from our laboratory and others, which have used stoichiometric kinetic analyses of ANP/NPRA, have provided strong evidence that bound ligand-receptor complexes are internalized and processed intracellularly, and that degraded products are released into the culture medium of various

• In addition to their functional activation of GPR A compound

  2021-11-12

  

  In addition to their functional activation of GPR109A, compounds of the pyrazolopyrimidine class also enhanced the binding of nicotinic WZ811 mg to the receptor. For instance, increased the binding of H-nicotinic acid to the receptor (black curve) in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas unlabel

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-11-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion l-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is functionally involved in many processes of the nervous system which have been connected with several neurological diseases [4]. These conditions are characterized by the time-d

• In a mouse model of hyperhomocysteinemia a risk

  2021-11-12

  

  In a mouse model of hyperhomocysteinemia (a risk factor for the development of vascular dysfunction) it has been shown that myoendothelial communication is enhanced due to increased expression of Cx37 and IK1 Benzoquinonium dibromide synthesis [], allowing the propagation of endothelial signals to V

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