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Angiogenesis refers to the formation of
2024-05-13
Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature [1]. Physiological angiogenesis is necessary for key processes such as wound healing, tissue regeneration and repair. In pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and other pat
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Maynard et al demonstrated that
2024-05-13
Maynard et al. [54] demonstrated that serum levels of sFlt-1 were five times higher in pregnant women with PE than in normotensive women; as a consequence, VEGF and PlGF levels were found to be proportionally reduced in these women [54]. The literature confirms that there is a sharp increase in sFlt
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br Experimental methods br Acknowledgments
2024-05-13
Experimental methods Acknowledgments Introduction Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) at excitatory synapses are thought to underlie experience-dependent learning and memory. These synaptic plasticity mechanisms are best characterized at hippocampal CA1 synapses, whe
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br Experimental section br Introduction NMDA receptor induce
2024-05-13
Experimental section Introduction NMDA receptor-induced increases in AMPAR trafficking to the synaptic surface mediates changes in synaptic efficacy in a number of E-64-d receptor regions (Shi et al., 1999, Sun et al., 2005, Frenkel et al., 2006). While this process has been linked to the regu
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Z-WEHD-FMK mg Some of the mechanisms that
2024-05-13
Some of the mechanisms that involve 12-LOX as a potential pathogenic enzyme are illustrated in Fig. 2. Direct β cell effects associated with the stimulation of 12-LOX activity include the activation of second messengers c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, both of which show increased phosphorylati
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Within the thrombus there is heterogeneity
2024-05-13
Within the thrombus, there is heterogeneity in the activation of BIBR 1532 based on the concentration gradients of soluble agonists emanating from the site of vascular injury, which has been excellently reviewed by Tomaiuolo et al.[1]. As part of the coagulation cascade, active thrombin is generated
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br Results br Discussion Many tumor
2024-05-13
Results Discussion Many tumor AZD7545 rely on EAAs to provide fundamental building blocks for macromolecular biosynthesis because they cannot synthesize EAAs de novo (Hattori et al., 2017; Sheen et al., 2011). Therefore, they must use highly effective transporters to maximize EAA uptake from
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Aldose reductase ALR EC the
2024-05-13
Aldose reductase (ALR2, EC1.1.1.21), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is a monomeric oxidoreductase that catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds, especially glucose. In this metabolism pathway, glucose is firstly reduced to sorbitol catalyzed by ALR2 wi
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Introduction A defining feature of
2024-05-13
Introduction A defining feature of cancer cells is disruption of the normal controls of the cell cycle; a tumor suppressor or inhibitor may act by restricting progression of the cell cycle. P27 (also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, P27, or Kip1) is a putative cell-cycle inhibitor pro
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br Material and methods br Results
2024-05-13
Material and methods Results Discussion Neurotransmitters pathways within vertebrates, including fish, are well conserved (Kreke and Dietrich, 2008, Valenti et al., 2012). Therefore psycopharmaceuticals that are design to act on these pathways in mammals, will possibly interact with the sam
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To investigate further the clinical
2024-05-13
To investigate further the clinical and mutational spectrum associated with -related dyskinesia, we here performed a screen in a large series of patients affected with an unexplained hyperkinetic movement disorder, resulting in the identification of 2 pediatric patients presenting with a novel pheno
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Endogenous adenosine systems have largely been implicated in
2024-05-13
Endogenous adenosine systems have largely been implicated in drug actions by the demonstration that caffeine (non-selective A1R and A2AR antagonist) (see Section The issue of caffeine), in doses up to 7.5–10mg/kg, inhibits antinociception, and when this occurs, it BX-912 is generally also seen with
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An alternative approach to the administration of
2024-05-13
An alternative approach to the administration of ADO agonists is to amplify the actions of endogenous ADO by inhibiting the ADO-metabolizing enzyme, ADO kinase (AK). Inhibition of AK has the net effect of potentiating the local concentration and the effects of ADO in the extracellular compartment. T
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br Funding br Introduction The
2024-05-13
Funding Introduction The interest in the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic environment continues to increase over the past decade, specifically those that act on steroidogenic pathways. EDCs that include synthetic androgenic and estrogenic compounds can severely a
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The altered frequency of CD T cells in
2024-05-13
The altered frequency of CD4+ T Nodinitib-1 mg in 5-LO−/− mice led us to hypothesize that these leukocytes could be exerting a primary control of the inflammatory response. In fact, the lack of 5-LO resulted in the accumulation of CD4+CD25+ cells expressing Treg markers. It is plausible to speculat